Data sources & methodology
One section per dataset: what it measures, where every figure comes from, how entities are selected, and what the data cannot tell you.
Top global fuel stations selling biofuels
Retail fuel-station networks that dispense biofuel blends at the forecourt, with site counts and annual biofuel volume sold.
Metrics
Biofuel volume sold
Estimatemillion litres per year
Retailer-reported renewable fuel sales where disclosed; otherwise derived from national renewable-fuel obligation registers apportioned by the network's site count and blend level.
Biofuel-dispensing sites
retail sites
Network size published by the retailer, restricted to sites offering at least one biofuel product.
Sources
- Renewable Fuel Standard — RIN generation and renewable fuel volume data (EMTS)View source (opens in a new tab)
- Renewable Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO) statisticsView source (opens in a new tab)
- Sales of fuels by distributor and state (Painel Dinâmico de Vendas)View source (opens in a new tab)
- RED III renewable transport reporting by member state (SHARES)View source (opens in a new tab)
Coverage
Retail networks in every jurisdiction the tracker follows that operate at least one biofuel-dispensing forecourt. Unbranded single-site operators are out of scope.
Known limitations
- Very few retailers publish biofuel litres separately from total fuel sales, so most volumes are apportioned estimates rather than reported figures.
- Site counts move continuously as HVO100 and E85 pumps are added; counts reflect the retailer's most recent published network disclosure.
Global UCO (used cooking oil) suppliers
Collectors, renderers and traders that aggregate used cooking oil as feedstock for biodiesel, renewable diesel and SAF.
Metrics
UCO collected
thousand tonnes per year
Collection or processing throughput disclosed in the company's annual report, investor presentation or ESG report.
Collection footprint
countries served
Operating countries listed by the company on its own site network disclosure.
Sources
- Form 10-K, fiscal year ended 28 December 2024 (feed and fuel segment volumes)View source (opens in a new tab)
- Annual Report 2024 — waste-oil feedstock and biodiesel operationsView source (opens in a new tab)
- ISCC EU / ISCC PLUS certificate database (waste and residue collecting points)View source (opens in a new tab)
- GAIN reports on used cooking oil supply and tradeView source (opens in a new tab)
- RTFO feedstock reporting — UCO volumes and countries of originView source (opens in a new tab)
Coverage
Collectors and traders handling roughly 20,000 tonnes a year or more, plus national champions in jurisdictions with an Annex IX Part B obligation.
Known limitations
- UCO is traded repeatedly before it reaches a refinery, so collected volumes and exported volumes are not additive across companies.
- Chinese and South-East Asian export volumes are visible in customs data but rarely attributable to a named collector.
Top global oil companies
Integrated oil and refining groups ranked by annual output capacity alongside their live share price and renewable-fuel positions.
Metrics
Annual output capacity
million barrels of oil equivalent per year
Upstream production plus refinery throughput as reported in the group's annual report or 20-F / 10-K filing, annualised.
Share price and 1-day change
primary listing currency
Delayed exchange quote for the group's primary listing, refreshed live.
Sources
Coverage
The largest listed and state-owned oil and refining groups by output, restricted to those with a disclosed refining or renewable-fuel position.
Known limitations
- National oil companies report on different boundaries (equity vs operated volumes); figures are normalised to operated capacity where disclosed.
- Share prices are delayed exchange quotes, not real-time trades, and unlisted state companies have no price.
Top airlines using SAF globally
Carriers ranked by annual sustainable aviation fuel uplift and by SAF as a share of their total jet fuel burn.
Metrics
SAF uplift
million litres per year
SAF actually uplifted into aircraft as reported in the carrier's sustainability or annual report; offtake agreements that have not yet delivered are excluded.
SAF share of fuel burn
Estimate% of total jet fuel
Reported SAF share where the carrier discloses one; otherwise SAF uplift divided by reported total fuel burn for the same year.
Sources
- Corporate Impact Report — Sustainable Aviation FuelView source (opens in a new tab)
- Sustainability Fact Sheet 2024View source (opens in a new tab)
- Full Year 2024 results and sustainability disclosuresView source (opens in a new tab)
- SAF production and uptake trackerView source (opens in a new tab)
- CORSIA eligible fuels and SAF reporting frameworkView source (opens in a new tab)
- Delayed market quotes — primary listing of each covered entityView source (opens in a new tab)
Coverage
Carriers with a publicly documented SAF uplift, whether driven by a blending mandate, a corporate programme or an offtake agreement.
Known limitations
- Reporting boundaries differ: some groups report SAF for the whole group, others for a single airline within it.
- Book-and-claim SAF purchased in one region but burned in another is counted where the carrier books it.
Carriers using biofuel (shipping, trucking, rail)
Freight operators across shipping, road and rail ranked by biofuel consumption and by biofuel share of their fuel mix.
Metrics
Biofuel consumed
thousand tonnes or million litres per year, per mode
Operator-reported biofuel or green-fuel consumption from sustainability and ESG reports and green-product disclosures (ECO Delivery, Ship Green, ACT+ and equivalents).
Biofuel share of fuel mix
Estimate% of total fuel
Reported biofuel volume divided by the operator's reported total fuel consumption for the same year.
Sources
- Data Collection System (DCS) fuel-consumption reportingView source (opens in a new tab)
- EU MRV — monitoring, reporting and verification of shipping emissionsView source (opens in a new tab)
- Annual sustainability and ESG reports, green-freight product disclosuresView source (opens in a new tab)
- Delayed market quotes — primary listing of each covered entityView source (opens in a new tab)
Coverage
Global container lines, large road-freight fleets and national rail freight operators with a documented biofuel programme.
Known limitations
- Automated ingestion currently covers IMO DCS fleet aggregates; named carrier rows remain curated fallback data until operator-specific report parsers are wired.
- Green-freight products are sold on a book-and-claim basis, so an operator's biofuel volume is not tied to specific voyages or lanes.
- Road-freight fleets rarely split HVO from fossil diesel in public reporting; those figures are derived from purchase announcements.
Global blending terminals and capacity
Storage and blending terminal operators ranked by terminal count and blended-product throughput.
Metrics
Blended-product throughput
million litres per year
Throughput of blended fuel reported by the terminal operator or its parent group.
Terminals
count of blending-capable terminals
Terminal network published by the operator, filtered to sites with biofuel blending capability.
Sources
- Refined product terminal and bulk storage capacity reportsView source (opens in a new tab)
- RFS registered facilities and RIN separation dataView source (opens in a new tab)
- Storage and throughput registriesView source (opens in a new tab)
- Delayed market quotes — primary listing of each covered entityView source (opens in a new tab)
Coverage
Independent tank-storage groups and refiner-owned terminal networks that blend biofuels for domestic obligation compliance.
Known limitations
- Terminal operators report capacity in cubic metres of storage, not blended throughput; throughput is derived from utilisation disclosures.
- Joint-venture terminals may be counted by more than one parent in their own reporting.
Global ethanol production
Fuel-ethanol producers ranked by nameplate production capacity and plant count.
Metrics
Nameplate capacity
million litres per year
Plant nameplate capacity from the producer's own plant listing, cross-checked against the EIA capacity report and the RFA plant registry.
Plants
operating production facilities
Count of producing plants, excluding idled and announced-but-unbuilt facilities.
Sources
- U.S. Fuel Ethanol Plant Production Capacity (released 26 September 2025)View source (opens in a new tab)
- 2025 Pocket Guide to Ethanol and the U.S. biorefinery registryView source (opens in a new tab)
- 2024 Report on Ethanol Market ConcentrationView source (opens in a new tab)
- European renewable ethanol production statisticsView source (opens in a new tab)
- Brazilian sugarcane and ethanol production dataView source (opens in a new tab)
- Delayed market quotes — primary listing of each covered entityView source (opens in a new tab)
Coverage
Producers with at least one operating fuel-ethanol plant, covering the United States, Brazil, the EU, India and China.
Known limitations
- Nameplate capacity is not actual output; US plants typically run above nameplate while Indian and EU plants often run below it.
- Capacity changes hands frequently; ownership reflects the latest completed transaction the sources record.
Global marine biofuel suppliers and users
Bunker suppliers and shipping lines ranked by bio-blended marine fuel delivered or consumed.
Metrics
Bio-blended bunker volume
Estimatethousand tonnes per year
Port-published bio-blend bunker sales apportioned to named suppliers, and carrier-reported green-fuel consumption for shipping lines.
Blend level
% biofuel in the delivered bunker
Typical delivered blend (B24, B30 and equivalents) reported by the supplier or the port authority.
Sources
- Bunker sales breakdown — alternative bunker fuel sales reached 1.34 Mt in 2024View source (opens in a new tab)
- Bunker sales throughput statistics (9.8 Mt total in 2024)View source (opens in a new tab)
- ISCC EU certification records for marine bio-blendsView source (opens in a new tab)
- DCS fuel-consumption reporting and EU MRV cross-checksView source (opens in a new tab)
- Delayed market quotes — primary listing of each covered entityView source (opens in a new tab)
Coverage
Physical bunker suppliers at the major bio-blend hubs (Singapore, Rotterdam, Antwerp-Bruges, Fujairah, US Gulf) plus shipping lines with a green-fuel product.
Known limitations
- Port authorities publish hub totals, not supplier-level splits; per-supplier volumes are apportioned from those totals and supplier announcements.
- Bio-blend volumes are reported as delivered tonnes of blend, so the pure biofuel content is the blend level times the volume.
Global electricity generators using biofuel
Power generators ranked by biofuel- and biomass-fired generating capacity and annual output.
Metrics
Bioenergy generating capacity
MW
Installed bioenergy capacity reported by the generator, restricted to biofuel and biomass-fired units.
Annual bioenergy output
GWh per year
Generation from those units as reported by the operator or the national registry.
Sources
- Renewable Capacity Statistics — bioenergyView source (opens in a new tab)
- Global Electricity Review — bioenergy generation by countryView source (opens in a new tab)
- Country reports on bioenergy for power and heatView source (opens in a new tab)
- Annual reports, sustainability filings and national renewables registriesView source (opens in a new tab)
- Delayed market quotes — primary listing of each covered entityView source (opens in a new tab)
Coverage
Utilities and independent power producers with at least 100 MW of biofuel or biomass-fired generating capacity.
Known limitations
- Co-fired coal-and-biomass units are counted at their biomass share where the operator discloses it, and excluded where it is not disclosed.
- Waste-to-energy plants are included only where the biogenic fraction is separately reported.
Global renewable natural gas (RNG) producers
Biomethane and renewable natural gas producers ranked by annual output and number of production facilities.
Metrics
Annual RNG output
million MMBtu per year
Pipeline-quality biomethane produced or contracted, as reported by the operator or the EPA RIN/LCFS pathways.
Production facilities
operating plants
Digesters and landfill upgrading plants in commercial operation.
Sources
- RFS RIN generation and D3 cellulosic biogas pathwaysView source (opens in a new tab)
- RFS RIN generation and renewable fuel volume by fuel typeView source (opens in a new tab)
- RNG production facility databaseView source (opens in a new tab)
- Statistical Report — biomethane plants in EuropeView source (opens in a new tab)
- Delayed market quotes — primary listing of each covered entityView source (opens in a new tab)
Coverage
Producers with pipeline-injected or liquefied biomethane in commercial operation in North America, Europe and Asia Pacific.
Known limitations
- Plant counts include joint ventures where the operator reports them, so equity shares may differ.
- Output for private developers is estimated from announced plant capacity and typical utilisation.
Global biochar producers
Pyrolysis operators ranked by annual biochar production capacity and durable CO₂ removal issued.
Metrics
Biochar capacity
tonnes per year
Nameplate pyrolysis capacity disclosed by the producer or its certifier.
Durable CO₂ removal
tonnes CO₂e per year
Removals issued or claimed under biochar carbon-removal registries, typically ~2 tCO₂e per tonne of biochar.
Sources
- Global biochar market reportView source (opens in a new tab)
- Certified producer registerView source (opens in a new tab)
- Member directory for biochar producers, plant operators and technology suppliersView source (opens in a new tab)
- Biochar CORC issuance registriesView source (opens in a new tab)
- Delayed market quotes — primary listing of each covered entityView source (opens in a new tab)
Coverage
Commercial biochar producers with certified output or registry-issued carbon removals.
Known limitations
- Most producers are private; capacities are nameplate rather than realised output.
- Removal figures depend on registry methodology and permanence assumptions, which differ between registries.
Global wood pellet producers
Industrial and heating wood pellet producers ranked by nameplate capacity and number of mills.
Metrics
Pellet capacity
thousand tonnes per year
Nameplate pellet production capacity across the producer's mills.
Pellet plants
operating mills
Mills in commercial operation as reported by the producer or its national association.
Sources
Coverage
Industrial exporters and major heating pellet producers in North America, Europe, Asia Pacific and Latin America.
Known limitations
- Association aggregates are shown as a single entry where individual member capacities are not published.
- Capacity is nameplate; actual output varies with fibre supply and export demand.
Global renewable hydrogen producers
Renewable and low-emissions hydrogen producers ranked by announced or operating output and electrolyser capacity.
Metrics
Renewable H2 output
Estimatethousand tonnes per year
Operating, under-construction and sanctioned project output from public project databases and company disclosures.
Electrolyser capacity
Estimatemegawatts
Installed or sanctioned electrolyser capacity disclosed for the producer's hydrogen projects.
Coverage
Commercial operators, developers and industrial groups with named renewable or low-emissions hydrogen projects linked to fuels, ammonia, refining or heavy transport.
Known limitations
- Most announced hydrogen projects are not yet operating; chart values combine operating and sanctioned capacity where public sources do not separate them cleanly.
- Producer attribution is difficult for joint ventures, technology suppliers and offtakers, so project capacity is assigned to the lead sponsor named in public disclosures.
Global renewable LPG suppliers
BioLPG, renewable LPG and renewable DME producers and distributors ranked by production or delivered renewable liquid-gas volume.
Metrics
Renewable LPG supplied
Estimatethousand tonnes per year
Delivered renewable LPG, bioLPG or rDME volumes reported by producers, distributors or industry associations.
Production capacity
Estimatethousand tonnes per year
Nameplate renewable LPG, bioLPG or rDME production capacity from facility disclosures and industry pathway reports.
Coverage
Named renewable LPG, bioLPG and rDME producers plus major distributors marketing renewable liquid gases for off-grid heating, cooking, autogas or industry.
Known limitations
- Renewable LPG is often a co-product of HVO and SAF facilities, so product-level volumes are less frequently disclosed than total renewable-diesel capacity.
- Distributor supply volumes can overlap with producer output and should not be summed into a global production total.
Global bio-methanol producers
Bio-methanol, renewable methanol and e-methanol projects ranked by operating or sanctioned capacity.
Metrics
Methanol capacity
Estimatethousand tonnes per year
Operating or sanctioned renewable-methanol production capacity from project disclosures and methanol-sector trackers.
Fossil CO2 displaced
Estimatethousand tonnes CO2e per year
Estimated fossil methanol or marine-fuel displacement based on reported project output and typical emissions factors.
Coverage
Operating, sanctioned and late-stage bio-methanol, waste-to-methanol and e-methanol projects supplying shipping, chemicals or fuel blending.
Known limitations
- Many projects are announced before final investment decision; capacity can change materially before commissioning.
- Low-carbon, recycled-carbon, bio-based and e-methanol routes are grouped together because public project disclosures use overlapping terminology.
Our approach
How we compile the panels
Primary documents
Entity figures are taken from primary public documents — annual reports, regulatory filings, national obligation registers and statistical agencies — never from unattributed aggregations.
Transparent estimates
Where a company does not publish a figure directly, the value is derived from a published total and clearly marked as an estimate in the metric notes below.
Reporting periods
Each dataset states the reporting year its figures refer to and the date it was last reviewed against its sources.
Market quotes
Share prices and 1-day changes are live delayed exchange quotes and are not part of the curated datasets.
Figures are compiled from the primary public sources listed above and may lag the latest filings — always cross-verify against those sources before use in compliance or investment decisions.